In engineering terms, modular design is an approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts, which are called modules. These modules can be independently created and then used in different systems to drive multiple functionalities. Because there may be numerous combinations of modules, system design becomes flexible. New functions may be added simply by plugging in new modules.

Simply put, modular design is an attempt to combine the advantages of standardisation (i.e. high volume normally equals low manufacturing costs) with those of customisation (i.e. self-contained functional elements combine differently to meet specific demands). Particularly in construction jobs, taking a modular approach means savings in money and time. An example is provided here to illustrate these benefits in detail.

When construction of the Birmingham Acute and Adult Psychiatric Hospitals began in 2006, it was decided that off-site construction should be the key to the timely delivery of this large and complex project. This is the first new general hospital in Birmingham for 70 years and the largest community healthcare development outside of London. There has been confidence all around that pre-fabricated building components and modularised building services will bring safety, programme and quality benefits.

There are in fact more benefits, as construction jobs are made much easier. From the very beginning, sophisticated three-dimensional CAD packages helped the construction team deal with the compound?s unusual shape. Because the architects are able to maintain consistency in ward layout and sizing, only two different types of bathroom modules are required throughout the whole construction process. While a broad range of specialist services are established in the compound, many service distribution modules also have add-ons to allow for necessities such as medical gases and pneumatic tubes.

Less time and money are spent in the process, and fewer operatives are required on site. From risers and horizontal distribution modules to integrated modular ward walls and pre-wired distribution boards, from modular electrical systems to complete modularised plant rooms, everything helps getting the construction jobs done quickly and proficiently. It took two workers only two days to fit in a six-metre giant module that contains cable basket, insulated pipe and ductwork. With traditional methods, this can take up to eight weeks.

Most importantly, a better level of health and safety is achieved and more recycling is done. Only 250 workers are required on site, which occupies an astonishing 137,000 square metres of land. While the mental health facilities have already been in use since 2008, the main acute facilities will be opened in 2010, followed by the final completion in 2012. By then, the compound of three buildings will accommodate 1,200 beds, with 30 operating theatres and a specialised teaching hospital. Aesthetically and structurally sound, the buildings stand proudly in line, demonstrating how well the construction jobs have been done.

Organisation, after all, is the major contributing factor to considerable savings in time and money. Indeed, modular design makes construction jobs an ideal career choice. All you need is to figure out how to put the boxes together.